Extrusion-machine.



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PATENTED MAY 19, 1908 3 SHEETS-SHEET l VENTOR 88 8.8 I NN G. H. BENJAMIN.

EXTRUSION MACHINE.

APPLIUATIN FILED FEB. 7, 1908.

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EXTRUSION MACHINE.

APPLIOATION FILED EEB.7,1908.

FIGB.

No. 888,299. PATENTED MAY 19, 1908.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

5 9 NGVJ/ N0. 888,299. PATENTED MAY 19, 1908. G. H. BENJAMIN. EXTRUSION MACHINE.

P 1o TIoN F11. D IBB. on. A PL A E 7 19 s SHEETS-SHEET a.

INVENTOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE H. BENJAMIN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO COE BRASS MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

EXTRUSION -MACHIN E Specification of Letters Patent.

PatentedI May 19, 1908.

To allwhom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, GEORGE HILLARD BEN- JAMIN, a citizen of the United States, residing at the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful lmprovements in Extrusion-Machines, of which the following is a s ecification.

My invention re ates generally to apparatus employed in the ,extrusion process of manufacturing solid or hollow wire rods, bars and the like, and more particularly to certain improvements in machines for extruding heated metal, and has for its urpose to decrease the space occupied by the machine, to increase the .output of the machine, to d crease the number of men required to operate the machine, and to provide means for controlling all of the operations of the machine from a given locality, and for insuring the extrusion and finishing of a concentrically bored tube when the machine is used for making metal tubes.

In general construction the machine resembles that described in patent of W. A. Wood, No. 819,261; it is also an improvement pver the machine described in my coending application, Serial N o. 403,382, led oveinber 22, 1907,' but differs therefrom in .features which I will now proceed to point out.

The accompanying drawings serve to illustrate the invention, in which Figure 1 is a horizontal section with parts in plan of the assembled machine. Fig. 2 is a side elevation showing the base in section. Fig. 3 is an enlarged vertical section through line 3 3 of Fig.` 1. Fig. 4 is a vertical section of one of the main controlling valves. F1g..5 is a transverse section taken on the line V V of Fig. 1 and looking from the left. Fig. 6 is an enlarged transverse section showing the rollers. Fig. 7 is a transverse section of the container with parts broken away and showing the use of a perforated pusher block. Fig. 8 is an enlargedhorizontal section with rear parts broken away and corresponding to the section shown in Fig. 1, but showing the pusher in its forward position and the parts in the position which they will occupy after extrusion has taken place and with the container moved rearwardly from the dieholder. Fig. 9 is an enlarged partial plan and horizontal section illustrating the pusher in a retracted position and the billet head moved away from the die. Fig. 10 is a artial elevation and longitudinal section i ustratin the container in position to receive a heate billet. Fig. 11 is a horizontal section through one of the auxiliary controlling valves. l

In the drawings, 1 represents any` suitable base upon which are secured the end frames 2 and 3. Forming a art of the end frame 2 is a tube 4 open at botlli ends and provided at its rear end with a socket 5 ada ted t'o receive the dieholder 6. The dieho der 6 has a central bore 7 and is provided with a seat 8 for the die 9. Forming a art of the rear end frame 3 is a hydraulic c 'nder 10 in which is located a piston 11. he forward end of the piston`11 is supported and guided in'its movement by a carria e 12 ada ted to slide horizontally upon gui es 13. onnected to the carriage 12 are the counterweights 14, which normally serve to retract the piston 1 1 into the cylinder 10. Forward movement of the piston 11 is caused by water under pressure admitted through pipe 15, Figs. 1 and 2, controlled by valve 16, which also controls a b -pass outlet 17, Fig. 4. The stem 18 of va ve 16 is provided with a screw 19 carried in a threaded member 20 attached to the end frame 2. On the u per end of the valve stein 18 is a hand wheef)21 for controlling the valve. Return movement of the iston 11 is ei'mitted by the escape of water om the cylinder 10 through a pipe 22 controlled by a valve 23 actuated by a piston 2 4 in a cylinder 25 (see Fig. 2). Piston 1s controlled by water under pressure admitted through pipes 26 and by means of a manually operated auxiliary valve 27, Figs.- 1, 2 and 11, having two pass es 28, adaptedV to admit' water from a supp y pipe 29 to either side of the piston, or to plermit its escape fromthe cylinder 25 throng an exhaust ipe 30.

Secured to the xforward end o the piston 1 1 is a pusher 31, which moves through a centeringguide 32 forming part cfs. second carriage 33. The carriage 33 is supported` in guides 34 on each side of the mac ne. Tguides 34 are connected with the guides 13 these' guides 34 and 13 on each side of the machine serve collectively as ties for securing the end frames 2 and 3 together.

Located in the rear of the cylinder and fixed relatively thereto is a second cylinder 35. Within the cylinder 35 is the iston 36 and extending forward therefrom t ough a suitable stuffing box 37 is a piston rod 38, which extends through an elongated cylindrically bored member 39 fixed tcrthe cylinder 10 and arranged axially therein and along which the piston 11 has longitudinal movement. A stufling box 40 is employed to seal the joint between the iston 1 1 and the bored member 39. From 'the piston rod 38, stem -41 projects forwardly through the forward end of the piston 11 and through thepusher 31 which is cored to receive and guide the Projecting from the forward end of the stem 41 is a mandrel 42, which is adapted to project through a central opening 43 in the beveled forward end of the pusher 31. This opening 43 serves to center and to guide the mandrel 42.

The piston36 may be controlled independently by a valve-'mechanism 44 similar to the valve mechanism shown in Fig. 11, whereby water under pressure may be admitted through the pipe 45 in front of the piston 36 to retract the mandrel 42, at the same-time the pipe 46 serving as an escape pipe in the the exible connections rear of the piston 36. To cause a forward movement of the mandrel 42- fiuid undery ressure may be admitted through pipe 46 ehind the piston 3 6, at this time the p1 e 45 serving as an exit for fluid in front o the piston 36. v It will befnoted that the piston 36 may be operated independently ofthe piston '11, and also that 1t has a positive movement in both/directions, such movement of the piston36 causing a correspondmovement of the mandrel 42.

l ituated on each side of the carriage 33 arehydraulic cylinders 47 in which are fitted fixed tubular pistons 48, connected through pipes 49 to a source of water suppl controlled by a main valve 50 similar to va ve 16 and having-attached therto a controlling wheel 51.

Connected to the forward end of the carriage 33 are counterweights acting lthrou h 52 which norma y tend to move the carriage 33 forward to the position shown in Figs. 1 and 3.

Mounted on trunnions 53 in the carriage 33 lis a container 54 of suitable construction, which may be that shown and which will be described in detail later, and means are provided consisting of a crank 55 and suitable gears 56 for rotating the container from the position shown in Figs. 1 and 3, in which its axis is horizontal, to the position shown in Fig. 10, fi. e., from the extruding position to the charging osition.

Mounted a so on the carriage 33 is a hy- 58, having pistons- 59.

esame draulic holder for the unextruded end 57, Fig. 8, of the billet M that has been subjected to the extruding process. This holder consists of a pair of opposed hydraulic cylinders rl`hese pistons are controlled by water under pressure admitted through the pipes 60 and telescopic lconnections 61 connecting with ofpposite ends of the cylinders 58, by means o a manually operated valve 62 similar to the valve 27 and having two passages adapted to permit water from thesupply pipe 29 to each side of the pistons 39`or to permit its escapefrom the cylinders through the exhaust pipe 30.

As described, movement of the carriage 33 toward the rear of the machine is effected by water under pressure admitted through the pipes 49 and fixed tubular pistons 48 to movable cylinders 47 and return movement toward the by the escape of water from .the cylinders 47 front of the machineiis permitted through the pipes 62 controlled by a valve 63 Y actuated by a piston 64 in a cylinder 65, Fig. 3. The' piston 64 is controlled by water under pressure admitted through pipes 66 by means of a manually operated valve 67 similar to valve 27 having two passages adapted to admit the water from the supply pipe 29 to each side of the piston 64'or to permit its escape from the cylinder 65 through the exhaust pipe 30'. .j

J ournaled 1n an arm 68 pivotally mounted in a suitable support 69 attached to the forward end frame 2 of the machine is a powerdriven saw 70. On the opposite end of the arm 68 is an adjustable counterweight 71, which normall carries the saw to the position shown in ig. 5. The end of the arm 68 which is provided with said counterweight 71, has a handle 72, by means of which the saw may be depressed and brought into contact with the body R extruded through the die 9 vsubstantially as shown in Fig. 9.

Suitably mountedforward of the die holder 6 are adjustable rolls 73. These rolls are shown as being rotatably blocks 7 4, which may be inwardly and outwardly adjusted in the ways 75 by means o -thescrews 76. The ways 75 are shown as extensions of the tubular member 4. The

anges of the rolls 73 may be suitably scoredv -truded member R. These rolls may be mounted as idlers as shown, or they ma be power-driven to accord with thespeed o the extruded member R as desired. The rolls located on opposite sides of the mandrel 42 may serve as operating rods as described, but also have the function of centering the mandrel 42, as will presently be seen.

they f i seance It will be clear from the drawings and from the foregoing description that, by manipulating the wheel 21 and the valve 27, the piston ll'is caused to move horizontally forward and backward; that by manipulating the valve 62, the pistons 58 can be moved in or out to hold or release the extruded end 57 of the billet; that by manipulating the wheel 51 and the valve 67, the carriage 33 may be caused to move forward and backward to alter the position ot the container; and that, by manipulating the valve 44, thepiston 36 may be caused to move forward and backward to alter the position of the mandrel 42.

The pipe and valve system employed in the entire machine is such as is common with the mandrel 42.

hydraulic apparatus and will be fully understood by those skilled in the art Withoutgiving any further -descri tion. Any system of pipes and valves whic will eect manipulaf tion of the parts will be within the intent ot my invention.

'Ihe general operation 'of the machine is as follows: The heated billet M in the form of an axially perforated or cored cylinder is provided and then is introduced into the upper end of the bore cavity of the container 54 When it occu ies the position shown in Fig. 10. A pushing b ook 78 having a diameter approximating that of the cylindrical bore 79 of the container 54 and axially perforated by a cylindrical hole corresponding to the rforation 43 and to the size of the mandre 42. iftubing is to be extruded, and unperforated, as illustrated in Fig. 7, if a Wire or bar is to be extruded, it is then placed in the cavity of the container 54 in the rear of the billet. The pushing block 78 has a recess in its rear end shaped to receive the tapered front end 8'() of the pusher 31. After the introduction of the heated bille-t in the pushing block 78, the

`container is moved into a horizontal position i as illustrated in Fig. 1. By manipulating the valve 67 and relieving the water pressure in the pistons 47, the counterweight connections 52 will movethe carriage 33 forward until the container abuts against the diehoflder 6, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3. At this time the istons 519 will be retracted within the cylin ers 58, the carriage, container and istons 59 occu ying the position shown in ig. 1. The va ve 44 will then 'be manipulated and water pressure 'will be exerted back of the lpiston 36, causing the mandrel 42 to advance through the axial core of the heated billet, through the die 9 and dieholder 6, so that its end terminates adjacent the rolls 73. This mandrel 42 may be roperly centered with respect to the die 78 y the rolls 73 by slipping o ver its projecting forward end a' short sectlon 81 of tubing corresponding toV the tubing to be extruded through the die 78 and having aperforation corresponding to down against the short length of tubing 81 into proper position to center the mandrel, and, 1f desired, to operate upon the extruded member R. When the parts are in the position just described, the operation of extrusion may be commenced. The hand wheel 21 will then be manipulated and water pressure will be exerted back of the piston 11, thereby causing the pusher 31 guided and centered by means 32 to enter the recess of the pushing block 78, force said block through the bore of the container 54 and drive the heated metal M through the die 9 and about the mandrel 42 to form the tube R. As soon as the extruded member l reaches the inner end of the short section ol tube 81 used in centering the mandrel, this short section of tube is pushed out of the way and the member R passing across the flanges of the rolls 73 to be operated upon thereby, the mandrel 42 still being centered, and subsequently passing out of the forward end of the machine as shown in Fig. 3.

When the position of the extruded body shown in Fig. 3 is reached, that is, when such portion of the billet to be extruded as exrience has shown is pro'litable to extrude 1s extruded, valve 16 may be closed and valve 44 may be mani ulated-to cause the retraction of the man rel 42 by the application of water pressure in front of the piston 36; hand Wheel 51 will then be manipulated, which opens valve 50 thereby causing water pressure to be exerted within the cylinders 47, causing the carriage 33 carrying the container and cylinders 58 to move backward from the position shown in Figs. 1 and 3 tol the position shown in Fig. 8.

As the position of the pusher 31 has not been changed, this backward movement of the carriage 33 causes the unextruded end or head 57 of the billet M to be forced out of the container or otherwise to occupy the position shown in Fig. 8. In this position, the cylinders 58 occupy a position alongside of the billet head 57 and by manipulating the valve 62, the pistons 59 can be caused to engage the billet head and hold the same fast.

By now manipulating the valve 27, water may be allowed to escape from the cylinder 10, the counterweights 14 retracting the piston 11 and the usher 31 so as to occupy thc position shown 1n Fig. 9. By this operation the pushing block 78 will be released by the pusher 31 and the block will drop to the base of the machine. If, now, further water pressure be exerted within the cylinders 47, `billet head 57 will be retracted into the position shown in Fi-g. 9. When the parts are i-n this position, by manipulating the handle 72, the saw can now be brought down to cut off the billet head 57 from the extruded tube R. The extruded tube R is then drawn out The rolls 73 may be screwed. of the machine, the pistons 59 retracted into ring 85 forces the trap and carriages commonly employed with exsov the cylinders 58, releasing the billet head, which will fall to the base. The valve 67 is then manipulated to permit water to escape from the cylinders 47, whereupon the carriage 33 will be moved forward by means of the counterweights until the container is free from the end of the pusher 31 and in a position to be turned to receive a new billet.

In case it may be desired to extrude rods instead of tubes, a non-perforated pusherblock, as illustrated in Fig. 7 may be employed, in which case the piston 36 is held retracted in the cylinder 35, so that the mandrel 42 is not employed to form an o ening or bore in' the extruded member. Alt ough even when extruding rods, the mandrel may be serviceable for properly adjusting the rolls 7 3, as for instance, W en in its forward position a length of tube 81 of theproper diameter may be slipped over it and the rolls 7 3 adjusted to the periphery of this tube.-

The container 54 may comprise the inner tube 82 cylindrically bored and socketed atA the delivery end asY shown to take over the dieholder 6; an outer concentric shell 83 iianged at the delivery end to engage the inner tube 82 and providing an intermediate chamber to contain heat non-conducting material 84, which may be solidly packed trap rock, as shown; a forwardly tapering wedger rock tight against the tube 82 and may be c amped m place by the' ring 86 having threaded engagement with the shell 83, which will permit further clam ing when necessary. The ring 86 may e screwed down by suitable means or by a key inserted in the sockets 87. It will be noted that the body of the heat non-conducting material is localized principally toward the delivery end where most required.

It will be seen from the foregoing description that but three men are required to operate the machine, one man introducing the heated billet, manipulating the saw and removing the heatedvbillet', a secondman, on the other side of themachine assists in introducing the billet into the container and controls the position of the container through the crank 48, and a third man on the same side of the machine manipulates the hand wheels 21 and 51,v and the valves 44, 27, 62 and 67, and the shortlength of tubing 81.

It will, therefore, be yobserved that the mechanism for performin the necessary op.- erations is contained who .y within the machine frame between the end frames 2 and 3, thereby rendering themachine com act and doing away with all the additiona frames trusion machines.

It will also be understood that the machine is equally a plicable for the extrusion Iof,

` ltubing or ro s and for the extrusion of bar? 'o posite sides of varyingdiameters according to the die and mandrel employed. lt should also be noted that means is employed for holding the mandrel 42 in central position from both in front and in rear of the die before and during the process of extrusion.

l wish it understood that many changes may be made in the construction of the various parts illustrated and described without departing from the intent of my invention.

Having' thus described my invention, l claim:

1. An extrusion machine comprisin a container adapted to contain a heated illet, a die for the delivery end of the container, a

mandrel adapted to extend forwardly through said die, a pusher, and means foward of'said die for centering saidmandrel.; f

2. An extrusion machine comprising a container adapted to contain a heated billet, a die for the delivery end of the container, a mandrel adapted to extend forwardly through said die, a. usher, and a set of rolls forward of said die or centering said mandrel.

3. An extrusion machine comprisin a container adapted to contain a heated illet, a die for the delivery end of the container, a

mandrel adapted to extend forwardly through.

said die, a usher, and means forward and in the rear o sald die for centering said mandrel.

4. An extrusion machine comprising a container adapted -to contain a heated billet, a

die for the ,delivery end of the container, a'

mandrel adapted to extend forwardly through said die, a pusher,

of said mandrel for finishing t e surface of the extended member and operating to center said mandrel.

5. The method of extrudingmet l tubin consistin of the rovision of a hollow heate metal bil et, the ocation of a mandrel within said hollow billet, and the extruding of the metal about said mandrel and throu h a die.

6. The method of extruding meta tubin consistin of the rovision of a hollow heate metal bil et, the ocation of a mandrel within said hollow billet, the extruding of the metal about said mandrel and through a die, and then passing the extruded tube betweenrolls located on op osite sides of said mandrel.

7. The met od of extruding metal tubes consisting of forming anaxially cored heated cylindrical billet outside of the container, placing said billet within the dontainer, and extruding the same through. a die and about a centered mandrel.`

diameters respectively of the required tube,

a set of operating rolls on and internal 12's positiv ly centering a mandrel within a` die, I

8. The method of extruding metal tubes v .consistin 1n forming an axiall and extruding said billet through said die and about said mandrel to determine the respective diameters of the extruded tube.

9. A `container for extrusion machines comprising an inner tube with an outer shell flanged at the delivery end to engage said inner tube and roviding a concentric chamber about said tu e, a filling of heat non-conducting material for said chamber, a concentric Wedge ring for compressing said filling about 10 said tube, and clamping means at the rear of said shell for retaining said wedge ring.

In testimony whereof, I affix my signature, in the presence of two witnesses.

' GEORGE H. BENJAMIN.

Witnesses: i l

LEONARD DAY,

PAUL H. MARROW. 

